National Council for the Defense of Democracy–Forces for the Defense of Democracy

The National Council for the Defense of Democracy–Forces for the Defense of Democracy (French: Conseil National Pour la Défense de la Démocratie–Forces pour la Défense de la Démocratie, NCDD–FDD) is the current ruling party in Burundi. During Burundi's civil war CNDD-FDD was the most significant rebel group active and became a major political party in Burundi. The CNDD was the political wing of the organization, while the FDD was the military wing. It was founded in 1994, a year after the assassination the first democratically elected President Melchior Ndadaye. The political wing was dominated by Hutu intellectuals from the southern region of Bururi led by Leonard Nyangoma, while the fighting wing was composed of troops drawn from throughout the country, which led to a split in the group in 2001.

The rebel group was often referred to simply as Forces for the Defense of Democracy (FDD). In 2001, the CNDD–FDD consisted of about 25,000 rebels led by Jean-Bosco Ndayikengurukiye. However a schism in October 2001 led to the overthrow of Ndayikengurukiye by Pierre Nkurunziza. The Nkurunziza-led faction, consisting of 20,000 to 22,000 troops signed a ceasefire with the government in December 2002, but continued fighting. The faction led by Ndayikengurukiye became the lesser of the two with about 5,000 fighters. It also signed a ceasefire with the government in October 2002 to which it has roughly held.

At an official ceremony in January 2005, the group registered as a legal political party. In largely peaceful parliamentary elections on 4 July 2005, the CNDD won an estimated 60 to 80 percent of the vote, making it likely that a CNDD representative would be chosen president in August. Pierre Nkurunziza indeed was elected President of Burundi unopposed on August 19. At the legislative elections, the party won 57.8 % and 64 out of 118 seats. CNDD-FDD's youth wing is led by Ezechiel Nibigira.

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Armed groups in the First and Second Congo Wars
National armies
Pro-government
Zaire (FAZ, under Mobuto Sese Seko / FARDC, after Mobutu) • Angola (FAA, in Second War) • Chad (FANT) • Libya • Namibia (NDF) • Sudan • Zimbabwe (ZNA)
Anti-government
Angola (FAA, in First War) • Burundi (FAB) • Rwanda (RPF/RDF) • Uganda (UPDF)
Militias and
rebel groups
Rwanda-aligned
Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (AFDL, Rwanda-Uganda backed alliance) • Rally for Congolese Democracy (RCD)  • RCD–Goma  • Banyamulenge (ethnic Tutsis in South Kivu) • RCD-Congo (faction of RCD-Goma created in 2002)
Uganda-aligned
Movement for the Liberation of Congo (MLC, created in 1998) • RCD-Kisangani/Mouvement de Libération (RCD-K/ML or "RCD-Wamba", created 1999) • RCD-National (RCD-N, split from RCD-K/ML) • Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC) • Front de Libération du Congo (FLC, formed from the MLC, RCD-N and RCD-ML from 2000 to 2001)
Anti-government,
other
Anti-Rwanda
Interahamwe • Rassemblement Démocratique pour le Rwanda (RDR, successor organization to the Interahamwe) . • Army for the Liberation of Rwanda (ALiR, successor to RDR in 1997) • Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR, created in 2000)
Anti-Uganda
Anti-Burundi
Government-aligned,
other
United Nations
Alliances sometimes changed dramatically over the course of the wars. Some groups may be associated with multiple, ostensibly opposed factions.